Dutch lap shingling



Nov. 4, 1958 C. C. SCHUETZ DUTCH LAP SHINGLING s sheets-sheet 1 FiledDeo. 8. 1955 IW-WWW MIIWIIIIHHIN lump IN V EN TOR.

Nov. 4, 1958 c. cqscl-IUETZ 2,853,777

DUTCH LAP SHINGLING Filed Dec. 8. 1955 y s sheets-sheet z lllklllH-FI,

NOV- 4, 1958 c. c. scHUl-:Tz

DUTCH LAP SHINGLING 3 'Sheets-Sheet Filed Deo. 8. 1955 im Immun NVENTOR.I l Jeae DUTCH LAP srmsGLING Clyde C. Schuetz, Prospect Heights, Ill.,assigner to United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporationof Illinois Application December 8, 1955, Serial No. 551,841

5 Claims. (Cl. 10S-9) This invention relates to improved Dutch lapshingling, and it is an object of the invention to provide improvedshingling of that type.

Where Dutch lap shingling is employed, there is a horizontaldisplacement of successive rows of shingling with respect to the lastpreceding row, and this displacement is increased where the shingles areoffset (the upper edge being horizontally oiset with respect to thelower edge), all as described in detail below. Differing amounts ofshingles must, therefore, be cut off at the starting edge of the wall,or roof, to which they are applied. In present practice, the amountwhich must be cut off is uncontrolled, with the result that the portionof a shingle which is cut off in starting any given row must be furthertrimmed before it can be used to start another row of shingling. Thisinvolves additional labor and results in a waste of material.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutchlap shingling.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutchlap shingling in which that portion of a shingle which is cut off instarting one row is of the exact dimensions required to start anotherclosely adjacent row.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutchlap shingling which eliminates waste of material in starting successiverows and which reduces the cutting of shingles to a minimum.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutchlap shingling, bearing indicia for the amount of side lap, whicheliminates waste of material in starting successive rows and whichreduces the trimming of shingles to a minimum.

This invention together with further objects and advantages thereof,will best be understood by reference t the following description takenin connection with the accompanying drawings and its scope will bepointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings in which like parts are designated by like referencenumerals,

Figure 1 is an elevational view of offset Dutch Iap shingling applied toa vertical wall and illustrating one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. l; v

Fig. 4 is a face view of an individual piece of shingling employed inthe embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. l;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. l but illustrating another embodimentof the invention;

Fig. 6 is a face view of an individual piece of shingling employed inthe embodiment of Fig. S;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figs. l and 5 but showing still anotherembodiment of the invention;

Fig. 8 is a face View of an individual piece of shingling employed inthe embodiment illustrated in Fig. 7; and

Patent() ICC Figs. 9-14 are views like Figs. 5 and 6 employing shinglingof similar basic form but illustrating different embodiments of theinvention.

The present invention is applicable to Dutch lap shine gling, which maybest be defined with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, individualpieces of shingling S are shown applied to a vertical wall in Dutch lap.In this particular arrangement the right-hand edge of a shingle S-l isoverlaid by the left-hand edge of a shingle S-Z. The upper edge of theshingle S-1 is overlaid by the lower edge of a shingle S-3, and thelower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingle S-3 butts againstthe upper portion of the left-hand edge of the shingle S-Z. A fourthshingle S-4 overlies the right-hand edge of the shingle S43. The lowerportion of the shingle S-4 overlies the upper edge of the shingle S-2,and, further,over lies the joint between the shingles S-1, S-2 and S-3.The lower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingle S-4 is buttedagainst the upper portion of the left-hand edge of the shingle nextadjacent the shingle S-2.

Nails 20 or other fasteners may be driven through the head lap or sidelap shingle portions into the base before overlapping shingles areapplied, and accordingly are concealed. Staples, clips or storm anchorsmay, if desired, be applied to the exposed lower corner.

An important characteristic of Dutch lap is that the individual shinglesof any one row are butted against -a shingle of the next precedingrowfor example, the lower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingleS-S is butted firmly against the upper portion of the left-hand edge ofthe shingle S-2, as described above. This is particularly important andadvantageous when the shingles are rigid, as, for example, when asbestoscement shingles are employed, but is desirable in all cases. j

The cross-section of a Dutch lap joint is shown in Fig. 3. The shinglesS-l and S-Z are shown in overlapping relationship. The shingle S-S isshown butted against the edge of the shingle S-2 and the shingle S-4 isshown overlying the resulting joint. It may now be seen that if theshingle S-3 does not butt against the shingle S-Z, but is spaced away, atunnel is created, defined by the edges of the shingles S3 and S-Z andby the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the shingles S-4 andS-l. Such a tunnel would provide direct access for air from outside theshingling to the space underlying the shingling.

Because of this characteristic of Dutch lap shingling, the horizontalpositioning of successive rows cannot be arbitrary but must becontrolled by the preceding row. This predetermined horizontal spacingof successive rows results in waste of material and extra trimming ofstarter shingles where the present invention is not employed.

It has been found that an offset shingle has particular advantages in aDutch lap shingle application. A typical offset shingle is illustratedin Fig. 4 wherein it is seen that the upper edge of the shingle isoffset horizontally from the lower edge thereof by a total amount X. Thegeneral effect of this offset may be seen in Fig. l. Functionally, theprincipal advantage lies in the fact that the side lap joints have adownwardly directed component whereby there is less chance for seepage.It is believed, furthermore, that the use of offset shingles results ina more attractive appearance of the completed application.

In Dutch lap shingling which employs offset shingles such as illustratedin Figs. l and 4, each row is horizontally displaced with respect to thepreceding row by an amount equal to the side lap plus a function of theoffset.- This function will best be understood by reference to Fig. 4.The line A-A in that figure represents the line of the lower edge of thenext succeeding row of shingles, the vertical distance from the line A-Ato the top of the shingle being the head lap HL. The line B--B in `Fig.4 represents the line lof the left-hand edge of the overlying nextsucceeding shingle to the right, the horizontal distance from the lineB-B to the side of the Shingle `ibeing ithe side .lap SL. By referenceto'Fi'g. l, lit 1wil-l be :seen that the shingle next above the one-illustrated in Fig. 4 will have its lower right-'hand -cornercoincident with the Aintersection of the llines A-A and B-B. Moreparticularly, the lower edge of the Ynext lshingle above will lie alongthe line A-A and its righthand edge will lie along the li-ne lB-'B sinceit fbutts against :the lnext succeeding shingle to the right of thellxstrated shingle. It may now be seen that the hori- Zonta-ldisplacement `of `successive rows of shingles resulting from the offsetof the shingles is not the full value of X but equals an effectiveoffset `O which is the Voffset ofthe shingle alongv only the exposedheight thereof. Accordingly, the total horizontal displacement equalsthe effective offset plus the side lapv SL.

If desired, the preferred amount of head lap and side lap may beydesignated by indicia lon the individual shingles to guide the workmanmaking the installation. In Fig. 4 indicia in the form of small V-cutsare employed for this purpose. The indicia may, of course, be of anydesired form.

yIf Vthe total length TL, the total offset X, the head lap HL, and theside lap SL are arbitrarily selected, the

partial shingles required for starting the successive rows at theleft-hand rake of the roof or edge of the wall will be of odd lengths.The residue of each such partial shingle will then require retrimmingbefore it can be used to start another row. There is accordingly a wasteof material, and additional labor is required. On the other hand, if thevarious significant dimensions of individual shingles are predeterminedin a certain manner, a shingle cut to provide a shingle portion forstarting one row leaves a remaining portion of proper dimensions forstarting another closely adjacent row.

In accordance with the present invention, the effective length EL is anintegral multiple of the sum of the efffectve offset O and the side lapSL. It has been found that with this relationship existing, when ashingle is cut to start one row, the remaining portion of that shinglewill be of the proper dimensions for starting another closely adjacentrow.

As a first illustration of the effectiveness of the prescribedrelationship, reference is again made to Fig. l. The partial shinglewhich starts the first row has a length SL at its uppermost edge. Thepartial shingle which starts the second row has a lower edge whoselength is equal to the total length TL minus the side lap SL.Accordingly these two partial shingles may be obtained from a singleshingle with one straight cut. That portion which is left over afterusing the partial shingle for starting the first row can be turned 18()degrees and be employed to start the second row. The third and fourthrows will be a repeat of the first and second rows since the patternrepeats itself after two rows. Accordingly, it is seen that where therelationship defined above is employed, the starter shingles for twoclosely adjacent rows may be obtained with a single cut and withoutwaste of material.

Referring now to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 5and 6, it will be seen that the individual shingles are formed withupper and lower edges which are equal in length, straight, parallel, andlongitudinally displaced with respect to each other. The side edges havestraight end portions which are per- -pendicular to the upper and loweredges and have an interconnecting portion which, in this instance, is astraight line and necessarily oblique because of the longitudinaldisplacement of the upper and lower edges with respect to each other.

' Again, the head lap is indicated by the line A-A, which passes throughthe bends in the side edges. The Side lap SL is designated by the lineB-B. It should 4 -be Anoted that -in this instance -the ytotal offsetdesignated X in Fig. 4 is equal to the effective offset O, since thereis no further offset above the line A-A. Expressed differently, theentire offset occurs along the exposed height of the shingle as applied.

The shingle of Fig. 6 is employed in the application illustrated in Fig.5 in much the same manner as the shingle of Fig. 4 is employed in theapplication of Fig. 1. The effective length is equal to two times thesum of the effective offset O and the side lap SL (the multiple againbeing 2). Accordingly, a single shingle will provide partial startershingles for two successive rows with 4a single cut and with no wastematerial. With this particular embodiment, the sharp bend near the upperend of the side edges (along the line A-A) provides an inherent indexfor head lap. Some form of indicia may also be employed to designate theproper amount o`f side lap.

The embodiment of the invention in Figs. 7 and L8 is similar to that ofFigs. 5 and 6. The upper vand lower edges are identical to those of Fig.6 and the side edges have substantially straight end portions which areperpendicular to the top and bottom edges, but these are interconnectedby smoothly curved portions. In this embodiment of the invention, theeffective length EL is again equal to two times the sum of theyeffective offset O and the side lap SL, with like results as to use ofpartial starting shingles.

Figs. 9 vand 10 show a variation of the shingle lemployed in Figs. 5 and6. The sole difference lies in the vfact that in this instance theeffective length is equal to the sum of the effective offset and theside lap (the multiplier being 1).

In this embodiment, the horizontal displacement of successive rows isequal to the effective length of the shingles whereby each row is arepetition of the succeeding row. The partial shingle which starts thefirst row has an upper edge whose length is equal to the side lap. Thepartial Vshingle for starting the second row has a lower edge equal tothe total length minus the side lap. Accordingly, the two pieces arecomplementary and, in fact, are identical.

Figs. l1 and 12 show a shingle application employing shingles much likethose of Figs. 5 and 6 but in which the effective length EL is fourtimes the sum of the effective oiset O and the side lap SL (themultiplier being 4). Accordingly, there is a repetition of rows afterevery fourth row.

As in all previous embodiments, the partial shingle for the first row ofshingles has an upper edge whose length is equal to the side lap SL, andthe partial shingle for starting the second row has a lower edge equalto the total length minus the side lap SL. Accordingly, these twopartial shingles are complementary and can be obtained from a singleshingle with ya single cut. The partial lshingle for starting the thirdrow has an upper edge equal to the total length TL minus two times theoffset O and minus two times the side lap SL, as may be seen by notingthese components as indicated in Fig. 1l. The bottom edge of the partialshingle starting the fourth row is equal to two times the effectiveoffset O plus two times the side lap SL. Accordingly, the partialshingles for starting the third and fourth rows are complementary andmay be obtained from a single shingle with a singlecut.

l Finally, the embodiment of the invention illustrated 1n Figs. 13 and14 employs a shingle like that of Figs. Sand '6 but in which theeffective length is equal to three times the sum of the effective offsetand the side lap. In this embodiment the pattern repeats itself afterevery three rows. Again the partial shingle starting the first row hasan upper edge of a length equal to the side lap SL, andthe partialshingle starting the second row has a lower edge equal to the totallength minus the side lap SL. Accordingly, these two partial shinglesmay be obtained from a single shingle with a single cut. It will be seenthat since the pattern repeats itself starting with the fourth row, thepartial shingles for starting the fourth and fifth rows will becomplementary. This leaves the partial shingle for starting the thirdrow, which is not complementary to either of the immediately adjacentstarter shingles. The shingle used for obtaining the starter shingle forthe third row is in fact bisected such that the two portions are equaland identical. Accordingly, the remaining portion of this cut shinglemay be employed to start the sixth row which will be identical to thethird row.

It will be apparent now that when the elective length EL is an oddmultiple of the sum of the effective olset O and the side lap SL, onestarter shingle will be precisely a half shingle, and the remaining halfcan be saved until the pattern repeats itself. If the multiple is threeor even five, these two partial shingles may be used intact within armsreach, whereby there is no problem in preserving the residual halfshingle for subsequent use. In any ordinary use of Dutch lap shingles,the multiplier would be reasonably small (rarely six or more) wherebyresidual partial shingles are always usable after application of only afew additional rows.

lf the multiplier is an even number, all residual partial shingles areusable within each repetition of the pattern. lf the multiplier is sixor more, the partial shingles are not usable in successive rows.Extrapolation of the illustrated embodiments of the invention willreveal that if the multiplier were, for example, eight, the first andsecond rows will employ complementary shingle portions, and the thirdand eighth, the fourth and seventh, and the lifth and sixth rows wouldemploy complementary shingles. Where an oiset shingle is employed, themultiplier would not ordinarily reach such high values, but it will beseen that the relationship applies to matter how large the multipliermay be.

It has now been shown that offset shingles applied in Dutch lap patternmay be arranged to permit the obtaining of two partial starter shinglesfrom a single shingle with a single cut by following a simplerelationship between critical dimensions of the individual shingles.This is'accomplished if the effective length is made to equal anintegral multiple of the sum of the effective offset and the side lap.Of these three dimensions or characteristics, the side lap is generallydetermined by practical considerations-namely, economy versusweatherproofing, and may, if desired, be designated by suitable indiciaon the individual shingles. The effective olfset is equal to thatportion of the total offset which appears along the exposed verticalheight of the shingle, the exposed vertical height being equal to thetotal height minus the head lap, and the latter again being determinedby practical considerations. The elective length is, of course,

equal to the total length minus the side lap, all as previouslyexplained.

While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown, it willbe understood, of course, that the inventio-n is not limited theretosince many modifications may be made, and it is, therefore, contemplatedto cover by the appended claims any such modifications as fall withinthe true spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention having thus been described, what is claimed and desired tobe secured by Letters Patent is:

l. A Dutch-lap shingle application comprising a plurality of oifsetshingles arranged in a plurality of subsiantially horizontal paralleloverlapping courses; each shingle having a substantially equal effectiveoffset; each course including a plurality of like shingles and a starterpiece, all of said shingles in a course being arranged in side-by-sideoverlapping relation, the side overlap of said pieces and shingles beinguniform throughout said application; the length of the exposed portionof the lower edge of each shingle being an integral multiple ofthe sumof the effective oset and side overlap thereof.

2. The application recited in claim 1, wherein a pair of complementalstarter pieces are formed from one of said shingles and saidcomplemental starter pieces are spaced not greater than five coursesapart in said application.

3. The application recited in claim 1, wherein the number of residualcomplemental starter pieces does not exceed three at any given timeduring the laying of said application.

4. A Dutch-lap shingle application comprising a plurality of offsetshingles arranged in a plurality of substantially horizontal paralleloverlapping courses, each shingle having a substantially equal effectiveoffset, the head overlap between adjacent courses being substantiallyuiform; each course including a plurality of like shingles and a starterpiece, all of said shingles in a course being y arranged in side-by-sideoverlapping relation, the side overlap of said shingles in a coursebeing substantially uniform; each shingle having elongated,substantially parallel upper and lower edges and side edges, each of thelatter having an elongated central segment obliquely disposed relativeto said upper and lower edges and end segments interconnected by saidcentral segment and disposed substantially normal to said upper andlower edges; the lengths of the end segments of said side edges beingsubstantially equal and corresponding to the amount of head overlapbetween successive courses; the length of the exposed portion of thelower edge of each shingle being an integral multiple of the sum of theeifective offset and side overlap thereof.

5. The application recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple is aninteger of six or less.

Abraham Iune 7, 1932 Wickersham June 2, 1942

